I. Assertion and Reason

Direction. In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is given followed by corresponding statement of Reason (R).
Of the statements, mark the correct answer as
(a) If both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
(b) If both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) If A is true, but R is false
(d) If A is false, but R is true

Question. Assertion (A) A plant can be retained and multiplied indefinitely without any change or variation through asexual reproduction.
Reason (R) Asexual reproduction does not involve meiosis and syngamy.      

Question. Assertion (A) In perennial plant species, it is difficult to define vegetative, reproductive and senescent phases.     
Reason (R) Perennial plants have very short lifespan.

Question. Assertion (A) Offspring formed by asexual reproduction are called clones.
Reason (R) Clones are morphologically similar.     B

Question. Assertion (A) In external fertilisation, syngamy occurs inside the female.     
Reason (R) The offspring produced by external fertilisation are vulnerable to predators.

Question. Assertion (A) In flowering plants, zygote is formed inside the ovule.     
Reason (R) The ovule develop into seed after fertilisation.

Question. Assertion (A) Vegetative reproduction is a kind of asexual reproduction in plants.     
Reason (R) Vegetative propagules give rise to offspring.

Question. Assertion (A) Gametes formed in sexual reproduction are haploid in nature.     
Reason (R) Meiocytes undergo meiosis to form gametes.

Question. Assertion (A) Reproduction by zoospores occur in some higher fungi.
Reason (R) Zoospores aremotile and flagellated spores.     

Question. Assertion (A) Zygote is the link between two generations.
Reason (R) Zygote is the product of two gametes and the producer of the next generation.     

Question. Assertion (A) Papaya is a dioecious plant.
Reason (R) Dioecious plants are those that have their reproductive structures on same plants.     

II. Statement Based Questions

Question. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) All the individuals of a species have exactly the same lifespan
(b) Smaller organisms always have shorter lifespan and vice-versa
(c) Lifespan of an organism is the time period from its birth to its natural death
(d) No organism may have a lifespan of several hundred years

Question. Which one of the following statements is incorrect? 
(a) Offspring produced by the asexual reproduction are called clone
(b) Microscopic motile asexual reproductive structures are called zoospores
(c) In potato, banana and ginger, the plantlets arise from the internodes present in the modified stem
(d) Water hyacinth, growing in the standing water, drains oxygen from water that leads to the death of fishes

Question. Read the following statements and select the correct ones.
I. Conidia are the asexual propagules restricted to kingdom–Fungi.
II. Apiece of potato tuber having at least one eye (or node) is capable of giving rise to a new plant.
III. Ginger propagates vegetatively with the help of its underground roots.
IV. Fleshy buds which take part in vegetative propagation are called bulbils, present in Dioscorea, Agave, etc.
(a) II and III
(b) I and IV
(c) I, II and IV
(d) I, II and III

Question. Find out the incorrect statement.
I. Lifespans of organisms are necessarily correlated with their sizes.
II. The sizes of crows and parrots are not very different, but still their lifespans vary extremely.
III. Apeepal tree has much shorter lifespan as compared to a mango tree.
IV. Reproduction is essential for continuity of species on the earth.
(a) I and III
(b) I, II and III
(c) Only IV
(d) II and III

Question. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) Gamete receive only one set of chromosomes
(b) Meiosis is a reductional division occurring in both haploid and diploid organisms
(c) Male gametes are always produced in less quantity than female gametes
(d) In seed plants, pollen grains are the carriers of male gametes

Question. Which one of the following statement regarding post-fertilisation development in flowering plants is incorrect? NEET 2019
(a) Zygote develops into embryo
(b) Central cell develops into endosperm
(c) Ovules develop into embryo sac
(d) Ovary develops into fruit

Question. Read the following statements.
I. The vegetative phase is of same duration in different organisms.
II. Clear-cut vegetative, reproductive and senescent phases can be observed in monocarpic plants.
III. Bambusa differs from Strobilanthes kunthiana
(Neelakurinji) in the length of juvenile phase and being monocarpic.
IV. The end of juvenile/vegetative phase in angiosperms is seen when they come to flower.
V. Sexual mode of reproduction is present in most animals.
Which of the above statement is/are incorrect?
(a) II, IV and V
(b) II and III
(c) III, IV and V
(d) I and III

Question. Read the following statements.
I. Interaction between hormones and certain environmental factors regulate the reproductive processes and the associated behavioural expression of organisms.
II. In animals, but not in plants, hormones are responsible for the transitions between juvenile, reproductive and senescent phases.
III. After attainment of maturity, all sexually reproducing organisms exhibit events and processes that have remarkable fundamental similarity, though the structure associated with sexual reproduction are indeed very different.
IV. The post-fertilisation events include gametogenesis and gamete transfer.
V. In majority of the sexually reproducing organisms, the gametes produced are morphologically distinct types, i.e. heterogametes.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) I, III and V
(b) I, II and IV
(c) III, IV and V
(d) II, III and V

Question. Choose the incorrect statement about gemmules.
(a) They resist dessication JIPMER 2019
(b) They are internal buds
(c) They are asexual structure which are produce by binary fission
(d) They can give rise to new organisms

Question. Go through the following statements.
I. Cell division is a mode of reproduction in algae and fungi.
II. Amoeba and Paramecium divide by fragmentation.
III. In yeast, cell division is unequal and small buds are produced.
IV. Zoospores are macroscopic non-motile structures.
Choose the incorrect statements.
(a) I and III
(b) III and IV
(c) I, II and IV
(d) Only III

Question. Read the following statements about asexual reproduction and select the correct ones.
I. It involves a single parent.
II. It is slower than sexual reproduction.
III. It produces progeny that are genetically identical with the parent, but not with one another.
IV. The progeny of asexual reproduction can be termed as clones.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I and IV
(d) I, III and IV

Question.Consider the following statements.
I. Many plants propagate vegetatively even though they bear seeds.
II. Sweet potatoes multiply vegetatively by root tubers.
Select the correct option.
(a) I is true, but II is false
(b) Both I and II are false
(c) I is false, but II is true
(d) Both I and II are true

Question. Read the following statements.
I. Organisms exhibiting external fertilisation show great synchrony between the sexes and release a large number of gametes.
II. Amajor disadvantage of external fertilisation is that the offspring are extremely vulnerable to predators.
III. In gymnosperms, male gametes reach egg with the help of water as a medium.
IV. Zygote is a vital link that ensures continuity of species between organisms of one generation and the next.
V. Every sexually reproducing organisms begin their life as a single-celled zygote.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) I, II and III
(b) I, II, III and V
(c) I, II, IV and V
(d) I, II, III and IV

Question. Read the following statements.
I. Eichhornia contributes extra oxygen to the water bodies which reduces the mortality of fishes.
II. Zingiber propagates vegetatively by tap roots.
III. Fleshy buds which take part in vegetative propagation are called bulbils, e.g. Agave.
IV. Apotato tuber having atleast one eye, i.e. axillary bud can form a new plant.
V. Bryophyllum posssesss leaf buds.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) I, II and III
(b) III, IV and V
(c) I, II and V
(d) I, II, III, IV and V

Question. Mark the incorrect statement.
(a) Perennial species shows clear cut vegetative, reproductive and senescent phases
(b) End of vegetative phase mark the beginning of reproductive phase
(c) Bamboo species flower only once in their lifetime
(d) The reproductive phase is of variable duration in different organisms

Question. Choose the incorrect statement for events in sexual reproduction.
(a) All sexually reproducing organisms exhibits events and processess having fundamental similarity
(b) Structures associated with sexual reproduction vary among different groups of organisms
(c) Pre-fertilisation, fertilisation and post-fertilisation is the exact sequence of events occurring in sexual reproduction
(d) None of the above

Question. Given below are a few statements related to external fertilisation. Choose the correct statements.
I. The male and female gametes are formed and released simultaneously.
II. Only a few gametes are released into the medium.
III. Water is the mediumin a majority of organisms exhibiting external fertilisation.
IV. Offspring formed as a result of external fertilisation have better chance of survival than those formed inside an organism.
(a) III and IV
(b) I and III
(c) II and IV
(d) I and IV

Question. The statements given below describe certain features that are observed in the pistil of flowers.
I. Pistilmayhave manycarpels.
II. Each carpel mayhave more than one ovule.
III. Each carpel has only one ovule.
IV. Pistil have only one carpel.
Choose the statements that are true from the options given below.
(a) I and II
(b) I and III
(c) II and IV
(d) III and IV

Question. The term ‘clone’ cannot be applied to offspring formed by sexual reproduction because
(a) offspring do not possess exact copies of parental DNA
(b) DNA of only one parent is copied and passed on to the offspring
(c) offspring are formed at different times
(d) DNA of parent and offspring are completely different

Question. The male gametes of rice plant have 12 chromosomes in their nucleus. The chromosome number in the female gamete, zygote and the cells of the seedling will be, respectively
(a) 12, 24, 12
(b) 24, 12, 12
(c) 12, 24, 24
(d) 24, 12, 24

Question. Offspring formed by sexual reproduction exhibit more variation than those formed by asexual reproduction because
(a) sexual reproduction is a lengthy process
(b) gametes of parents have qualitatively different genetic composition
(c) genetic material comes from parents of two different species
(d) greater amount of DNA is involved in sexual reproduction

Question. There is no natural death in single-celled organisms like Amoeba and bacteria because
(a) they cannot reproduce sexually
(b) they reproduce by binary fission
(c) parental body is distributed among the offspring
(d) they are microscopic

III. Matching Type Questions

Question. Match the following columns.

Question. Match the following columns.  

Question. Match the following columns.   

Question. Match the following columns.   

Question. Match the following columns.   

Question. Match the following columns.

Question. Match the following columns.  

Question. A few statements with regard to sexual reproduction are given below.
I. Sexual reproduction does not always require two individuals.
II. Sexual reproductiongenerallyinvolvesgametic fusion.
III. Meiosis never occurs during sexual reproduction.
IV. External fertilisation is a rule during sexual reproduction.
Choose the correct statements from the options given below.
(a) I and IV
(b) I and II
(c) II and III
(d) II and IV

Question. Choose the correct statement from amongst the following.
(a) Dioecious organisms are seen only in animals
(b) Dioecious organisms are seen only in plants
(c) Dioecious organisms are seen in both plants and animals
(d) Dioecious organisms are seen only in vertebrates

Question. There are various types of reproduction. The type of reproduction adopted by an organism depends on
(a) the habitat and morphology of the organism
(b) morphology of the organism
(c) morphology and physiology of the organism
(d) the organism’s habitat, physiology and genetic makeup

Question. Which of the following is a post-fertilisation event in flowering plants?
(a) Transfer of pollen grains
(b) Embryo development
(c) Formation of flower
(d) Formation of pollen grains

Question. A few statements describing certain features of reproduction are given below.
I. Gametic fusion takes place.
II. Transfer of genetic material takes place.
III. Reduction division takes place.
IV. Progeny have some resemblance with parents.
Select the options that are true for both asexual and sexual reproduction from the options given below.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) II and IV
(d) I and III

Question.  Asexual method of reproduction by binary fission is common to which of the following?
I. Someeukaryotes II. All eukaryotes
III. Someprokaryotes IV. All prokaryotes
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I and III
(d) III and IV

Question. Identify the incorrect statement.
(a) In asexual reproduction, the offspring produced are morphologically and genetically identical to the parent
(b) Zoospores are sexual reproductive structures
(c) In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring with or without the formation of gametes
(d) Conidia are asexual structures in Penicillium

Question. The number of chromosomes in the shoot tip cells of a maize plant is 20. The number of chromosomes in the microspore mother cells of the same plant will be
(a) 20
(b) 10
(c) 40
(d) 15

Question. Which of the following situations correctly describethe si milarity between an angiosperm egg and a human egg?
I. Eggs of both are formed once in a lifetime.
II. Both the angiosperm egg and human egg are stationary.
III. Both the angiosperm egg and human egg are motile transported.
IV. Syngamy in both results in the formation of zygote.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) II and IV
(b) Only IV
(c) III and IV
(d) I and IV

Question. Which of the following statements, support the view that elaborate sexual reproductive process appeared much later in the organic evolution?
I. Lower groups of organisms have simpler body design.
II. Asexual reproduction is commonin lower groups.
III. Asexual reproduction is commonin higher groups oforg anisms.
IV. The high incidence of sexual reproduction in angiosperms and vertebrates.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) I, II and III
(b) I, III and IV
(c) I, II and IV
(d) II, III and IV

Question. Amoeba and yeast reproduce asexually by fission and budding, respectively because they are
(a) microscopic organisms
(b) heterotrophic organisms
(c) unicellular organisms
(d) uninucleate organisms

Question. Appearance of vegetative propagules from the nodes of plants such as sugarcane and ginger is mainly because
(a) nodes are shorter than internodes
(b) nodes have meristematic cells
(c) nodes are located near the soil
(d) nodes have non-photosynthetic cells

Question. A multicellular, filamentous alga exhibits a type of sexual life cycle in which the meiotic division occurs after the formation of zygote. The adult filament of this alga has
(a) haploid vegetative cells and diploid gametangia
(b) diploid vegetative cells and diploid gametangia
(c) diploid vegetative cells and haploid gametangia
(d) haploid vegetative cells and haploid gametangia