Objective Type Questions

Question. Which one of the following telephones, computer etc.? industries manufactures
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium
(d) Information Technology
Answer : (b) Electronic

Question. On what basis is the industrial sector classified into public and private sectors?
(a) Employment conditions
(b) The nature of economic activity
(c) Ownership of enterprises
(d) Number of workers employed in the enterprise
Answer : (c) Ownership of enterprises

Question. The first textile mill was established in –
(a) Kolkata
(b) Chennai
(c) Mumbai
(d) Coimbatore
Answer : (c) Mumbai

Question. Which is the second most important metallurgical industry in India?
(a) Iron and steel
(b) Copper smelting
(c) Aluminium smelting
(d) Cement
Answer : (c) Aluminium smelting

Question. Which city is known as the Manchester of India?
(a) Chennai
(b) Jaipur
(c) Delhi
(d) Mumbai
Answer : (d) Mumbai

Question. Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Sugar
(d) Jute
Answer : (b) Cement

Question. To which one of the following countries does India export jute goods?
(a) Japan
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) France
Answer : (c) USA

Question. Which city is known as electronic capital of India?
(a) Hyderabad
(b) Kolkata
(c) Mumbai
(d) Bengaluru
Answer : (d) Bengaluru

Question. Which one of the following industries generates the largest amount of employment?
(a) Cotton Industry
(b) Jute Industry
(c) Silk Industry
(d) Textile Industry
Answer : (d) Textile Industry

Question. Which one of the following agencies, markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC
Answer : (b) SAIL

Question. Which of the following factors play the most important role in the location of an industry in a particular region?
(a) Raw material
(b) Market
(c) Least production cost
(d) Transport
Answer : (c) Least production cost

Question. Which of the following industries use bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminum
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel
Answer : (a) Aluminium

Question. Which of the two steel plants are in collaboration with Russia?
(a) Bhadravati and Salem
(b) Bhilai and Bokaro
(c) Bokaro and Jamshedpur
(d) Burnpur and Durgapur
Answer : (b) Bhilai and Bokaro

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Which industries are called heavy industries ?
Answer : Industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials and manufacture heavy goods like iron and steel are called heavy industries.

Question. Name a person who sells goods? OR Iron and steel industry belong to which category?
Answer : Retailer. OR Large scale industry.

Question. What is bauxite ?
Answer : Bauxite is the raw material used in the smelters. It is a bulky, dark reddish coloured rock.

Question. How many jute mills are there in India and where are they located mostly ?
Answer : There are seventy jute mills in India and most of them are located in West Bengal.

Question. What is manufacturing ?
Answer : Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials into more valuable products is called manufacturing.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. State the factors responsible for the location of jute factory in the Hugli Basin. OR The jute textile industry is mainly concentrated in the Hugli Basin. Mention four factors for the same.
Answer : Factors responsible for the concentration of the jute textile industry in the Hugli basin in West Bengal are :
(i) Proximity of the jute producing areas. West Bengal is called the ‘home of jute’ which produces the highest amount of jute fibre.
(ii) As the jute industry requires a lot of water which is easily available from the Hugli river supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways.
(iii) Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh is available.

Question. “Agriculture and industry are complimentary to each other.” Support the statement with three examples.
Answer : Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other and each depend on the other.
(i) For example, the agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to the agricultural sector by raising its productivity.
(ii) While many industries provide the basic raw materials to the industries, the industries provide machine tools and machineries required for agriculture.
(iii) Industrial products, such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. are useful to the farmers. Thus, development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

Question. What is the importance of aluminium smelting industry ?
Answer : (i) Aluminium smelting is the second most important metallurgic industry in India.
(ii) It is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals.
(iii) It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires.
(iv) It is used as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries.

Question. What challenges are faced by the jute textile industries in India? Mention the main objectives of National Jute Policy, 2005.
Answer : (i) Problems faced by jute mills :
(a) Stiff competition in international market from Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt, etc.
(b) Stiff competition from synthetic fibre.
(c) Products need to be diversified.
(ii) In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices and enhancing the yield per hectare.

Question. Define the term manufacturing. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials used.
Answer : Definition: “Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing”.
Classification :
(i) Agro-based : Cotton, woollen, jute, silk textile, etc.
(ii) Mineral-based : Iron and steel, cement, etc.

Question. Examine what are the causes of industrial pollution of freshwater resources.
Answer : Freshwater resources are polluted by organic and inorganic wastes and effluents discharged by industries into rivers. The main culprits are paper and pulp, chemical, textile, petroleum, refineries, tanneries electroplating industries, etc.

Question. Classify industries on the basis of capital investment. How are they different from one another? Explain with examples.
Answer : (i) Classification of the industries on the basis of capital investment :
(a) Small Scale Industry
(b) Large Scale Industry
(ii) Difference:
If the investment is more than one crore on any industry, it is considered as a large scale industry. For example, iron and steel industry/cement industry (any other relevant example). While the investment is less than one crore on an industry, it is considered as a small scale industry, e.g., plastic industry, toy industry.

Question. What are software technology parks? State any two points of significance of information technology industry in India.
Answer : Software Technology Park: Software technology parks provide single window service and high data communication facility to software experts.
Significance of IT industry :
(i) A major impact of this industry has been an employment generation. Upto 31st March, 2005, the IT industry employed over one million persons.
(ii) It is encouraging to know that 30 per cent of the people employed in this sector are women.
(iii) This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last two or three years because of its fast growing Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector.
(iv) The continuous growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of the IT industry in India.

Question. Classify the industries on the basis of ownership and give one example of each category.
Answer : Classification of Industries on the basis of ownership:

Question. Analyse any three major challenges faced by the sugar industry in India.
Answer : Major challenges of sugar industry are:
(i) Seasonal nature of the industry.
(ii) Old and inefficient methods of production.
(iii) Transport delay in reaching sugar factories and the need to maximise the use of bagasse.

Question. Mention the various measures taken by the government to boost the production of jute goods.
Answer : Various steps taken by the government to boost the production of Jute are :
(i) In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity.
(ii) Improvement of quality.
(iii) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.

Question. What is the importance of the Information Technology sector for the Indian economy? Explain.
Answer : The importance of IT sector is as follows:
(i) It has provided employment to over one million people.
(ii) This industry is said to be a major foreign exchange earner.
(iii) It has helped in the growth of the service sector.
(iv) It provides employment to innumerable men and women.

Question. Explain the factors responsible for localisation of jute textile mills mainly on the banks of the river Hugli.
Answer : (i) Proximity of jute producing areas.
(ii) Cheap water transport.
(iii) Good network of roadways, railways and waterways.
(iv) Abundant water for processing raw jute.
(v) Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states.

Question. Suggest any three measures to reduce the industrial pollution of freshwater resources.
OR
Suggest any three measures to minimize the environment degradation by industries in India.
Answer : (i) Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(iii) Treatment of hotwater and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
(iv) Chimneys should be fitted with electrostatic precipitators to prevent release of suspended particulate matters.

Question. What is the meaning of manufacturing industry? Why is it considered the backbone of economic development? Give two reasons.
Answer : Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
It is considered as a backbone of development because:
(i) It not only helps in modernising agriculture but also forms the backbone of our economy.
(ii) Industrial development is a precondition for the eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.

Question. What are the three main reasons for shifting of the sugar mills to Maharashtra in recent years?
Answer : There are three main reasons which are as follows:
(i) The cane produced has higher sucrose content.
(ii) The cooler climate which ensures a longer crushing season.
(iii) The cooperatives are more successful in this state.

Question. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material. How are they different from each other?
Answer : On the basis of sources of raw material, industries are classified as :
(i) Agro-based industries: These industries are based on agricultural raw material, e.g., cotton, jute, silk, rubber, sugar, tea, coffee and edible oils.
(ii) Mineral-based industries: Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral-based industries, e.g., iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemicals, etc.

Question. “The iron and steel industry is the basic as well as heavy industry.” Support the statement with three points.
OR
Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry? Explain.
Answer : Iron and steel industry is the basic industry as :
(i) All the other industries depend on it for their machinery.
(ii) Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods.
(iii) It provides variety of consumer goods.
(iv) Construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipments, etc., are the gift of iron and steel industry.

Question. Classify industries on the basis of their main role. How are they different from each other?
Answer : According to their main role:
(i) Basic or key industries which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods, e.g., iron and steel, copper smelting, aluminium smelting.
(ii) Consumer industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers–sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans, etc.

Question. Why our trade in garments is only 4% of the word’s total output although we have a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn?
Answer :
(i) The reason behind the low percentage of garment trade is that the weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn that is produced in the country (ii) There are some large and modern factories in these segments but most of the production is in fragmented small units which cater to local markets.
(iii) This mismatch is a major drawback and as a result many spinners export cotton yarn while garment manufacturers have to import fabric.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. What is manufacturing ? How is manufacturing industry important for India ?
Answer : Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantity after processing raw material into more valuable products. Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular mainly because :
(i) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy but they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(ii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind the set-up of public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(iv) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

Question. How urbanisation depends upon industries ?
Answer : (i) Urbanisation totally depends upon industries. industrial locations are very complex in nature and are influence by the availability of raw material, labour, capital, power, resource and market but all these factor are rare to find at one place .
(ii) So manufacturing activities tend to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors can be arranged at a lower cost.
(iii) After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities.
(iv) Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport , labour, consultants and financial advice to the industry.

Question. Why was the cotton textile industry concentrated in the cotton growing belt in the early years? Explain.
Answer : Cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt in the early years because :
(i) Availability of raw cotton-e.g. belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
(ii) Proximity to market.
(iii) Transport
(iv) Port facilities
(v) Cheap labour
(vi) Moist climate.

Question. What is the manufacturing sector? Why is it considered the backbone of development? Interpret the reason.
Answer : Definition of Manufacturing Sector :
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
It is considered as a backbone of development because:
(i) It not only helps in modernising agriculture but also forms the backbone of our economy.
(ii) Industrial development is a precondition for the eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
(iv) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous.

Question. Evaluate the factors which are responsible for the location of jute industry in West Bengal.
OR
Describe any five factors responsible for the concentration of jute mills along the banks of the Hugli river.
OR
Why are maximum Jute textile mills located in the Hugli Basin?
OR
Explain any five factors that are responsible for the location of the ‘jute mills’ mainly along the banks of the ‘Hugli River’.
Answer : Factors responsible for the location of the Jute mills in Hugli Basin:
(i) Proximity of Jute producing areas.
(ii) Cheap water transport supported by a good network.
(iii) Water transport is supported by good network of railways and roadways.
(iv) Abundant water for processing raw jute.
(v) Availability of cheap labour.
(vi) Kolkata port facility is available.
(vii) Insurance , banking facilities are also available.
(viii) Any other relevant point.

Question. “Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s development”. Examine the statement.
Answer : (i) Steel production is the backbone of any country’s economy since it is the basic unit for the development of the nation.
(ii) Almost every industry depends on iron and steel for its manufacturing and production.
(iii) In today’s era of globalisation, consumption of goods is increasing. Thus, it can be concluded that growth in production of steel is regarded as the index of country’s development.

Question. “Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.’’ Explain with four examples.
Answer : (i) Agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising their productivity.
(ii) Industries depend on agriculture for their raw materials.
(iii) Industries sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, etc., to the farmers.
(iv) Industries have made the production processes of agriculture very efficient.

Question. Explain the pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural environment and resources.
Answer : The pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Corporation(NTPC) for preserving the natural environment :
(i) Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment.
(ii) Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
(iii) Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation.
(iv) Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management.
(v) Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

Question. Give some facts about the fertiliser industry.
Answer : (i) The fertiliser industry is centred on the production of nitrogenous fertilisers, phosphate fertilisers, ammonium phosphate and complex fertilisers.
(ii) India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilisers.
(iii) There are 57 fertiliser units manufacturing nitrogenous and complex nitrogenous fertilisers, 29 for urea and 9 for producing ammonium sulphate.
(iv) There are ten public sector undertakings and one in cooperative sector at Hazira in Gujarat under the Fertiliser Corporations of India.
(v) After the Green Revolution, the industry has expanded to several other parts of the country.
(vi) Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala contribute towards half the fertiliser production of the country.