Manufacturing Industries Notes for Class 10 Social Science

December 24, 2021May 9, 2022 By admin Notes Class 10

Following are Manufacturing Industries Notes for Class 10 Social Science. These revision notes have been prepared by expert teachers of Class 10 Social Science as per the latest NCERT, CBSE, KVS books released for the current academic year. Students should go through Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries concepts and notes as these will help you to revise all important topics and help you to score more marks. We have provided Class 10 Social Science notes for all chapters in your book. You can access it all free and download Pdf.

Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries Notes Class 10 Social Science

Key Points to Remember –

Manufacturing – It is production of goods in large quantities after processing raw materials to more valuable Products.

NMCC (National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council) – It was set up when it was felt that, with appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts industries can improve productivity and achieve its target

Agro-based industries:- Industries based on agricultural raw materials for example cotton textiles jute textiles, silk textiles, synthetic textiles, sugar industry

Mineral-based industries: Industries using minerals as their raw materials- iron and steel, cement, chemical industries, Aluminium smelting, copper smelting, fertilizer industry etc.

Small scale industry – Investment is rupees one crore.

Large Scale Industries – Investment is more than one crore.’

Question and Answers

Question. How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants?
Answer :

Integrated Steel Plant is larger in size than mini Steel Plant.
Integrated Steel Plant handle everything in one single Complex from putting together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping while the Mini steel Plants use steel scrap, sponge iron and sometimes steel ingots supplied by integrated Steel Plants.
Integrated Steel Plants manufacture all types of steel but Mini steel Plants produce mild and alloy steel of give specification

Question. What are the major problems of cotton textile industry?
Answer :

Lack of good quality long staple cotton
Erratic power supply
Out dated machinery and technology
Low output of workers
Stiff International Competition

Question. Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industries.
Answer :

Restricting use of fossil fuels and using hydel power
Fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
Discharging the dirty water after treating it.
Machinery and equipment and generators can be fitted with silencers
Redesign machinery to make them energy efficient and to reduce noise.

Question. What are the factors responsible for Jute industry in Hugli basin?
Answer :

Proximity of jute producing areas
Inexpensive water transport
Well-connected roads, rail and waterways.
Abundant water
Cheap labour from adjoining areas
Banking facilities in Kolkata

Question. The sugar industry is now shifting from north to south. Mention main reasons.
Answer :

The sugar contents in the cane is higher i.e. 10.5% in Maharashtra and other southern states. Climate is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane.
South has better export facilities as compared to North.
Cooperative sugar mills are more successful in management in south India.
The Peninsular climate helps to extend the crushing season by two months in the south India than north India.

Question. What are agglomeration economies?
Answer : Many industries tend to come together to make, use of the advantages offered by the urban institutions such as banking, insurance, transport, labour. This is known as agglomeration economies.

Question. What were the major objectives of National Jute Policy 2005? Why is the internal demand for jute increasing?
Answer :

To increase the productivity
To improve the quality
Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers
Enhancing the yield per hectare

The internal demand for jute has been on the increase because –

Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging
The growing global concern for environment friendly bio degradable materials.

Question. Which factors are responsible for the decentralization of cotton textile mills in India?
Answer :

Cotton textile have a very high demand throughout the country.
Major inputs like banking, electricity, transportation are available in almost every part of the country
Textile industry is labour intensive industry and labour is easily available in India.
Textile industry requires less technological inputs and can be carried out using simple tools and machines.

Question. Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?
Answer :

It is the industry which lays the foundation of rapid development of other industries such as Heavy Engineering, Defense equipment, Automobiles, Aeroplanes etc.
It is also helpful in providing employment.
It also helps in the economic development

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Question. India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet, it is not able to perform to our full potential, why?
(a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal
(b) Lower productivity of labour
(c) Irregular supply of energy
(d) All of the above
Answer : (d) All of the above

Question. Agency that market steel for the public sector plants is
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA steel
(d) MNCC
Answer : (b) SAIL

Question. The products produced from the primary activity are manufactured at level
(a) Secondary
(b) Tertiary
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer : (a) Secondary

Question. Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities cause…………?
(a) Cancers, birth defects
(b) Skin diseases
(c) Viral diseases
(d) Bacterial diseases
Answer : (a) Cancers, birth defects

Question. The first Jute mill was set up in ……………
(a) Kolkata
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Mumbai
Answer : (a) Kolkata

Question. The only Software Technology Park is located in which one of the following north-eastern states is at
(a) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Manipur
(c) Mizoram
(d) Assam
Answer : (d) Assam

Question. sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.
(a) Public
(b) Private
(c) Joint
(d) Cooperative
Answer : (d) Cooperative

Question. Oil India Ltd is type of Industry on the basis of ownership
(a) Joint sector Industry
(b) Cooperative Sector
(c) Public sector
(d) Private sector
Answer : (a) Joint sector Industry

Question. The shore-based Iron and Steel plant of India is at ……………
(a) Salem
(b) Bhadravathi
(c) Vishakhapatnam
(d) Durgapur
Answer : (c) Vishakhapatnam

Question. Which of the following is a Basic Industry?
(a) Sugar
(b) Cotton
(c) Jute
(d) Iron and Steel
Answer : (d) Iron and Steel

Question. Industries based on Agriculture are called
(a) Key Industries
(b) Mineral Based Industry
(c) Agro-Based Industry
(d) Basic Industry
Answer : (c) Agro-Based Industry

Question. Name one function that occurs in the Blast Furnace in the steel manufacture process?
(a) Molten materials are poured into moulds
(b) Iron ore is melted
(c) Pressing and casting
(d) Pig iron is purified
Answer : (b) Iron ore is melted

Question. The first successful cotton textile mill was established in
(a) Kolkata
(b) Chennai
(c) Mumbai
(d) Coimbatore
Answer : (c) Mumbai

Question. Complete the diagram of an ‘Ideal location of an Industry’-

(a) Decision to locate factory at site
(b) Transport Facility
(c) Marketing
(d) Government Policies
Answer : (a) Decision to locate factory at site

Question. Match the items of column A with that of Column B

(a) (i) a, (ii) b, (iii) c, (iv) d, (v) e
(b) (i) d, (ii) e, (iii) b, (iv) a, (v) c
(c) (i) c, (ii) d, (iii) b, (iv) a, (v) e
(d) (i) d, (ii) e, (iii) c, (iv) b, (v) e
Answer : (b) (i) d, (ii) e, (iii) b, (iv) a, (v) c

Question. Suppose you are working in a Steel Industry, what will be the proportion of Iron Ore, coking coal and limestone you would use to produce steel?
(a) 2: 1: 4
(b) 4: 1: 2
(c) 4: 2: 1
(d) 2: 4: 1
Answer : (c) 4: 2: 1

Question. Study the Picture and answer the question that follows-

Where is this Sewage Treatment Plant under Yamuna Action Plan situated?
(a) Faridabad
(b) Firozabad
(c) Ahmedabad
(d) Nasirabad
Answer : (a) Faridabad

Question. Study the given picture and answer the question that follow-

Identify the product produced in this factory.
(a) Cables
(b) Sewing Machines
(c) Cement
(d) Computers
Answer : (a) Cables

Question. Study the table given below and answer the questions that follow

By how much did steel production decrease in 2019-20 as compared to the production in 2015-16?
(a) 3.02 million tonnes
(b) 3.56 million tonnes.
(c) 3.12 million tonnes
(d) 3.98 million tonnes
Answer : (d) 3.98 million tonnes

Question. Observe the given image and answer the question that follows

What is derived from spinning?
(a) Raw fibre
(b) Fabric
(c) Yarn
(d) Garments
Answer : (c) Yarn

ASSERTION AND REASON

Question. Assertion (A): There is a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra.
Reason (R): Raw material is cheaper there.
Options
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer : (c) A is true but R is false.

Question. Assertion (A): Textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian economy.
Reason (R): It contributes significantly to industrial production employment generation directly.
Options
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question. Assertion (A): Rain water harvesting increases industrial pollution.
Reason (R): Rain water helps industry to meet water requirements.
Options
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question. Assertion (A): Air pollution is caused by the high proportion of presence of undesirable gases
Reason (R): Air pollution does not affect our health, and atmosphere as a whole.
Options
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question. Assertion (A): Internal demand for jute has been on the increase.
Reason (R): This is because of the government policy of mandatory use of plastic packaging. It replaces the secondary and tertiary sector activities.
Options
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer : (c) A is true but R is false.

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question. Write the basic inputs of Iron and Steel industry.
Answer : Coking coal, limestone and manganese.

Question. Agriculture’ and ‘industry’ are complimentary to each other.” Explain.
Answer : Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They Move hand in hand,
(1) The agro-based industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
(2) The agro-based industries depend on agriculture for raw materials. Manufacturing industries sell their products such as fertilizers, insecticides, irrigation pumps, PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. to the farmers.
(3) Thus, development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their production but also made production process very efficient.

Question. Why do our industries need to be more efficient and competitive in the present day of globalization?
Answer : Our industries need to be more efficient and competitive in the present day globalization because:
(1) Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market.
(2) Only then we will be able to compete in the international market.
(3) India will have to develop its industries if it wants to be internationally developed.

Question. Why is least cost known as decision making factor for an ideal location of an industry?
Answer : It includes all important factors like distance from raw material sources, nearness to market, transport and communication facilities etc which motivates the industrialist in investment.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question. How is the information technology industry gaining importance in India?
Answer : (1) Generates employment – employed over one million and expected to increase in coming years. It is encouraging to know that 30% of the people employed in this sector are women.
(2) This is a major foreign exchange earner industry.
(3) The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to success of IT industry India.

Question. Why have the demands of jute products increased internally as well as globally? Explain any two reasons.
Answer : (1) The demand of jute products increased internally due to the Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging.
(2) The demand of jute products has also increased globally due to environment friendliness.
(3) The global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable materials has opened the opportunity for jute products.

Question. Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?
Answer : (1) It is the industry which lays foundation of rapid development of other industries such as heavy engineering, defence equipment automobiles, aeroplanes etc.
(2) Generates employments
(3) Helps development in agriculture.

Question. How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants?
Answer : (1) Integrated Steel Plant is larger in size than Mini Steel Plant.
(2) Integrated Steel Plant handle everything in one single Complex From putting together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping while the Mini steel Plants use steel scrap, sponge iron and sometimes steel ingots supplied by integrated Steel Plants.
(3) Integrated Steel Plants manufacture all types of steel but Mini steel Plants produce mild and alloy steel of give specification.

Question. Why did Mahatma Gandhi lay emphasis on spinning yarn and weaving khadi?
Answer : Weaving is done by handloom, power loom and in mills.
The handspun khadi provides large-scale employment to weavers in their homes as a cottage industry. Mahatma Gandhi also wanted to propagate the use of the indigenous khadi material to revive the jobs of jobless weavers during the British period.

Question. How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced?
Answer : (1) To minimise use of water in industries
(2) To reuse and recycle water in two or successive stages
(3) To harvest rain water for meeting water requirements in industries
(4) To treat water and other industrial effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds in three stages-
Phase I- Primary treatment by mechanical means- screening, Grinding, Sedimentation
Phase II- Secondary treatment by biological process
Phase III- Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question. Name the factor which plays the most dominant role in the ideal Location of an industry. Explain any four reasons in support of this factor.
Answer : (1) Availability of raw material: The factory needs to be close to the location of raw materials if they are heavy and bulky to transport. For example, iron and steel and cement industries are located near the source of raw materials. It cuts down the cost of transportation. ‘
(2) Labour: A large and cheap labour force is required for labour-intensive manufacturing industries. High-tech industries have to locate where suitable skilled workers are available.
(3) Power: Power supply is needed for working of the machines in a factory. Earlier industries were near to coalfields.
(4) Capital: Money that is invested to start the business. The amount of capital will determine the size and location of the factory.
(5) Transport: A good transport network helps to reduce costs and made the movement of raw materials and finished goods easier.
(6) Market: An accessible place to sell the products is essential.
(7) Government policies: Industrial development is encouraged receive financial incentives and assistance from the government in the form of low rent and tax rebates.

Question. Which factors are responsible for the decentralization of cotton textile mills in India?
Answer : (i) Cotton textile have a very high demand throughout the country.
(ii) Major inputs like banking, electricity, transportation is available in almost every part of the country.
(iii) Textile industry is labour intensive industry and labour is easily available in India.
(iv) Textile industry requires less technological inputs and can be carried out using simple tools and machines.
(v) Generates employment in rural and urban sector.

Question. Explain five different ways to control environmental degradation caused by industries.
Answer : (1) Careful planning and setting of industries.
(2) Better design and operation of equipment to increase efficiency and reduce noise.
(3) Proper selection of fuel and its utilisation.
(4) Prevention of smoke by using of oil or gas instead of coal in industries.
(5) Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(6) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(7) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
(8) Reduction of particulate matter in the air by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators process.

Question. The sugar industry is now shifting from north to south. Mention main reasons.
Answer : (i) The sugar contents in the cane are higher i.e. 10.5% in Maharashtra and other southern states.
(ii) Climate is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane.
(iii) South has better export facilities as compared to North.
(iv) Cooperative sugar mills are more successful in management in south India.
(v) The Peninsular climate helps to extend the crushing season by two months in the south India than north India.

Question. “The textile industry is the only industry that is self-reliant and complete in the value-chain? Justify this statement?
Answer : (1) It contributes significantly to industrial production (14%).
(2) It employs the second largest number of people , that is, 35 million persons directly.
(3) Its share in the foreign exchange earnings is significant at about 24.6%.
(4) It contributes 4% towards GDP.
(5) It is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, i.e., from raw material to its highest value-added products.

Source/Case Based Questions

Question. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification for EMS (Environment Management System) 14001. The corporation has a proactive approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants. This has been possible through optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment. Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation. Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management. Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations.

(i) NTPC is the abbreviation of ______
(a) National Textile Production Company
(b) National Technology Production Company
(c) National Tuberculosis Prevention Corporation
(d) National Thermal Power Corporation
Answer : (d) National Thermal Power Corporation

(ii) The challenge of sustainable development requires integration of economic development with _________ concerns.
(a) social
(b) cultural
(c) environmental
(d) political
Answer : (c) environmental

(iii) Find the odd one out from the following statements regarding the approach of preserving the natural environment-
(a) Providing green belts
(b) Upgrading equipment
(c) Deforestation
(d) Waste management
Answer : (c) Deforestation

(iv) What are the raw material for thermal power?
(a) Coal and Petroleum
(b) Boiling water
(c) Sun’s heat
(d) None of the above
Answer : (a) Coal and Petroleum

Question. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market. Only then, will we be able to compete in the international market.
Over the last two decades, the share of the manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 per cent of GDP – out of a total of 27 per cent for the industry which includes 10 per cent for mining, quarrying, electricity and gas. This is much lower in comparison to some East Asian economies, where it is 25 to 35 per cent. The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade has been around 7 per cent per annum. The desired growth rate over the next decade is 12 per cent. Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 per cent per annum. With appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, economists predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade. The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with this objective.

(i) What is the criterion to fulfil for Indian goods to be able to compete in the international market?
(a) Indian goods should be less expensive.
(b) Indian goods should be more expensive.
(c) The quality of Indian goods should be enhanced.
(d) The quality of Indian goods should be decreased.
Answer : (c) The quality of Indian goods should be enhanced.

(ii) What is the current share of contribution of the manufacturing sector to the Indian GDP?
(a) 17
(b) 20
(c) 25
(d) 27
Answer : (a) 17

(iii) How can we improve the productivity of the manufacturing sector?
(a) Reinvigorate the primary sector.
(b) Change the tertiary sector.
(c) Policy interventions by the government.
(d) Change the activities involved in the secondary sector.
Answer : (c) Policy interventions by the government.

(iv) What is the difference between Indian and the East Asian economies with respect to the contribution of the Manufacturing Sector?
(a) Contribution is greater in the East Asian Economies.
(b) Contribution is lesser in the East Asian Economies.
(c) Contribution is equal in the East Asian Economies.
(d) There is no contribution in the East Asian Economies.
Answer : (a) Contribution is greater in the East Asian Economies.

Question. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other equipment required by the telecommunication industry. Bengaluru has emerged as the electronic capital of India. The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India. A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation.

(i) Which of the following industries manufacture computers?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Information Technology
(c) Electronic
(d) Steel
Answer : (c) Electronic

(ii) Which city is known as electronic capital of India?
(a) Mumbai
(b) Pune
(c) Delhi
(d) Bengaluru
Answer : (d) Bengaluru

(iii) In which of the following sectors do IT industry belong to-
(a) Primary
(b) Tertiary
(c) Secondary
(d) All of the above
Answer : (b) Tertiary

(iv) Which one of the following industries provide single window service and high data communication facility to software experts-
(a) Automobile industry
(b) Chemical industry
(c) Iron and Steel industry
(d) Information Technology
Answer : (d) Information Technology

Question. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

(i) The aim of establishing industries in tribal and backward areas is for-
(a) Bringing about modern goods
(b) Bringing down regional disparities
(c) Eradication of unemployment and poverty
(d) Quality production
Answer : (b) Bringing down regional disparities

(ii) Which of the following options does not help in modernising agriculture?
(a) Manufacturing farm equipment
(b) Providing unskilled labour force
(c) Supplying fertilizers and pesticides
(d) Producing tube well pumps and sprinklers
Answer : (b) Providing unskilled labour force

(iii) In order to attract foreign manufacturing firms, a country needs to develop:
(a) Agrarian facilities
(b) Cultivable lands
(c) Cultural festivals
(d) Infrastructure facilities
Answer : (d) Infrastructure facilities

(iv) Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependence on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to: