Following are Development Notes for Class 10 Social Science. These revision notes have been prepared by expert teachers of Class 10 Social Science as per the latest NCERT, CBSE, KVS books released for the current academic year. Students should go through Chapter 1 Development concepts and notes as these will help you to revise all important topics and help you to score more marks. We have provided Class 10 Social Science notes for all chapters in your book. You can access it all free and download Pdf.

Chapter 1 Development Notes Class 10 Social Science

* Infant Mortality Rate can be defined as total number of children that die before the age of one year our of 1000 live children born in that particular year.

* Literacy rate can be defined as proportion of literate population in the age group of 7 years & above.

* Net attendance Ratio can be defined as the total number of children of 6-10 years age group attending school out of total no. of children in the same age group.

Per capita income :
= Total Income from all the sectors / Total Population
= Total National Income / Total Population

* BMI- can be calculated by taping the weight of a person (kgs) & height (mtr) then divide the weight by the square of the height of a person. If the result is less than 18.5 then person in under nourished & if more than 25, then person is over weight.

* HDI (Human Development Index) Rank of India in the World is 136.

Key Points to Remember:

Development :- Development is generally defined as growth. Some of the important goals are – seeking more income, equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect from others. Different people have different development goals. What may be development for one May not be for the other. It may be destructive for the other. One would consider earning more income, being a common factor among people. With this income, they buy services and goods for their daily needs.

Per capita Income = Total National Income/Total Population

• For comparing countries, their Income is considered to be one of the most important attributes.

National development refers to the ability of a nation to improve the lives of its citizens. Measures of improvement may be material, such as availability of healthcare etc.

Sustainable Development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

We have not inherited the world from our forefathers — we have borrowed it from our children.

Human Development Index is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries in four tires of human development.

Multiple choice Questions

Question. Which one of the following countries has the largest size of illiterate population in the age group of 15 in the world.
(a) India
(b) Myanmar
(c) Srilanka
(d) Bangladesh

Question. Which of the following is most likely to be a development goal for landless rural labourers:
(a) Highest support prices
(b) High literacy rate
(c) Raised Wages
(d) Settle the children abroad

Question. Which state among the following has lowest literacy rate?
(a) Punjab
(b) Bihar
(c) Kerala
(d) Tamil Nadu

Question. Life expectancy at Birth means:
(a) Average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.
(b) Average expected length of life of a person at time of death.
(c) Average expected length of a child at time of birth.
(d) None of above

Question. Kerala has low infant mortality rate what in the reason for the same?
(a) It has adequate provision of basic health & educational facilities.
(b) It has highest per capita income
(c) It has natural resources
(d) The government of Kerala is very efficient.

Very Short Answer Questions

Question. How do ration shops under Public Distribution System(PDS) help people?
Ans. Ration shops help by maintaining the nutritional status of the people and making food available at lower cost.

Question. What is Life Expectancy at birth?
Ans. It is the average expected length of a person’s life at the time of birth.

Question. Which organization publishes the Human Development Report?
Ans. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Question. What are the Non-renewable resources?
Ans. These resources will get exhausted after some time and are not regenerated by the nature. For example, crude oil and so on.

Question. What is GDP?
Ans. It stands for Gross Domestic Product. It meant for monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a given period of time.

Question. Which state in India has ranked first in Human Development Index?
Ans. Kerala topped the table among Indian states in human Development Index.

Question. Is it just right to calculate development based on average income?
Ans. As income is not distributed equally among all the citizens. So it is not right to calculate development based mere on average income.

Question. What are Public facilities?
Ans. Public facilities are those which are provided by the government to satisfy the collective needs of the people. Such as — Hospital, School and so on.

Question. Why Kerala has a low Infant mortality rate?
Ans. Kerala has low infant Mortality rate because it has good prorisions of health & Education facilities.

Question. Which state in India has ranked first in Human Development Index?
Ans. Kerala topped the table among Indian states in human Development Index.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Why is literacy essential for the economic development? Explain.
Ans. Literacy is an essential element for the economic development since:
• Education gives us vast knowledge.
• A literate person is eligible to get suitable employment.
• Education develops the ability to implement modern technology.
• Literate people understand the importance of remaining healthy and stay away from the deadly disease.

Question. Why do different persons have different notions of development? Explain.
Ans. Different people has different notion for development because:
• It is because the life situations of persons are different.
• People seek things that are most important for them or that which can fulfill their aspirations or desire.
• What may be development for one may not be for the other. It may even be destructive for the other.
• For example: The developmental goals of a boy from a rich urban family would be to get admission in a reputed college, whereas the developmental goals of a girl from a rich urban family would be to get as much freedom as her brother.

Question. “Girls in India in the rural sector are sometimes not able to get secondary level education”. Give three reasons for this.
Ans. • Gender Discrimination
• ‘Poverty
• Distance

Question. In what respect is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by ,the World Bank?
Ans. 

Question. Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. Is it true? Elucidate.
Ans. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. 
• Money cannot buy us pollution-free environment.
• Money cannot buy us a disease-free life and might not be able to get protection from infectious disease.
• Beside money, people also like to have equal treatment in the society, freedom, dignity and honor in their lives, which money cannot buy them.

Question. Briefly define the following terms.
A. Infant Mortality Rate
B. Net Attendances Ratio
C. Literacy Rate
Ans. A. Infant mortality rate is number of deaths under one year of age occurring among the live births in given geographical area during a given year.
B. Net Attendance ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of people in the official age-group attending any educational institution in a particular class-group to the total number of people in the agegroup.
C. Literacy rate is the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding.

Question. Development goals of one may be conficting or destructive for other or what may be development for one may be destruction for other (2013, 2014, 2015 & 2016)
Ans. Different notions of development
Construction of dam may produce electricity but destruct habitats. More habitation may lead to houses for many but destruction in natural habitat.

Question. Study the given data & Answer the questions:-

(I) Which state has highest per capita income?
(ii) Which state has highest literacy rate what could be the possible resource for this?
(iii) Which has highest infant mortality rate & what could be the reason according to you for this?
Ans. (i) Maharashtra
(ii) Kerala. Highest N.A.R.
(iii) Bihar. Low literacy

Question. What is National Development? What are the aspects covered under the National development?
Ans. • Comprehensive term including education, living, standard, PCI, Education.
• Just & fair use of resources
• Projects & policies affecting large number of people.
• Focus is on social infrastructure

Question. “The Earth has enough resources to meet the need of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person.” Explain in light of sustainable development.
Ans. • Ground water as renewable resources but over use lowering water table.
• Judicious use & sustainable development
• Resource use without harming the environment
• Reduce, reuse & recycle & alternate sources of energy.